On 4 November 2015, parties in the HCA securities litigation (Karsten Schuh, Individually and on Behalf of All Others Similarly Situated, v. HCA Holdings, Inc., et al.) reached an agreement to settle the case for $215 million. Plaintiffs alleged that HCA made misstatements in connection with its 2006 IPO regarding known trends concerning certain high margin components of HCA’s business. Professor Steven Feinstein of Babson College and Crowninshield Financial Research provided expert reports and deposition testimony about loss causation and the quantification of shareholder damages.